Abstract: Nowadays the availability of quality drinking water is decreasing all over the world especially in urban areas due to pollution. In order to check the quality of water, the water quality parameters like pH, turbidity can be measured and analyzed. Normally the methods of measuring the water quality parameters may consume time and it can be done only by the experts.
To overcome this, we proposed a robot that measures the water quality parameters from the different sample points in the water bodies like lake and pond. This project consists of a system that measures the water quality parameters like pH and turbidity at the various sample points of the water body using pH and turbidity sensors, and the measured parameters are shared via IoT. The pH value measured by the sensor is verified by the conventional method by using pH litmus paper. The project also consists of the solar panel and the MPPT charge controller circuit to charge up the batteries over a period of time. This system uses the raft boat technology to measure the water quality parameters at different points in the water body.
Introduction
The quality of water in the world, especially in India, has worsened day by day. Even though many awareness programs were conducted to incorporate the importance of water quality among the public, the condition couldn’t change yet. The surface water and the underground water are acting as a significant drinking water source in the world. Due to the rapid growth of industries and the population, the quality of the surface water declines year by year.
The quality of water is determined based on the different quality parameters like pH, turbidity. These parameters are measured from the different sample points of the water body and analyzed. If the area occupied by the water body is in large size, the expert must travel to the different sample points by boat. This will consume a significant amount of time for traveling to different sample points and cost a lot of money for renting a boat, labor. So we proposed the buoyancy robot that measures the quality parameters like pH, turbidity using sensors at different sample points and transmits the measured data to the user via IoT. The robot is controlled by the user from the shore of the water body by using the command buttons displayed on the webpage.
Block Diagram
The Block Diagram of this project is shown in Figure 1. It consists of Atmega 328P, pH and turbidity sensor, Solar panel, IoT module.
Components Used
The components used in the project are shown below.
The Atmega Controller is the main processing unit of this project. It can be programmed based on our needs and application. In this project it is used to send the sensor data to the IoT module from the sensors. Atmega controller shown in Fig 2.
Node MCU is a Wi-Fi module, In this project it is used to control the robot direction based on the user command. It is also used to share the measured pH and Turbidity value to the user.ESP-8266 is shown in Fig 3.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), shown in Fig 4, is used to display the process flow of the system. The 16×2 LCD display is used in this project. The pin description of LCD is shown in Table I.
Relay is a device made up of electromagnets to turn on or turn off the supply based on the user need. This project consists of a normally open type relay to provide power to the DC motors. The relay circuit is shown in Fig 5.
The pH sensor is a device which is used to measure the ph level (i.e) dissolved hydrogen ions in the water. It consists of two electrodes to measure the ph level. If the pH level falls below (6.8-8.1) it is considered as acidic. If the pH level falls above (8.1) it is considered as basic. The typical pH sensor is shown in Fig 6.
The turbidity sensor is a device which is used to measure the turbidity level of the water. It uses the light beams to measure the purity of the water. The turbidity sensor is shown in the Fig 7.
The solar panel is a power electronic device used to produce an electrical energy from the sun light. It consists of number of photo voltaic cells to produce electrical energy. The solar panel is shown in the Fig 8.
The DC gear motor is an electromechanical device used to control the direction of the robot. In this project a 30 rpm, 12v DC gear motor is used which is shown in Fig 9.
Hardware Setup
The hardware setup consists of a sensor, the solar panel, the MPPT circuit, the Solenoid valve, an IoT module, and the power supply module. The power supply module consists of three 6V batteries, where two are connected in series to power the motor and one for the electronic circuit. The power is supplied to the electronic circuit by a 6V battery, and the voltage is regulated to 5V by using 7805 regulator and given to the ATMEGA 328P microcontroller. The whole setup is shown in Fig 10.
The 12V, 10W solar panel is connected to the MPPT charge controller for charging the batteries, which are used to power the motors. The 12V, 30rpm DC gear motor is used as a propeller to drive the robot. The shaft of the motor is connected to the propeller blades, which are made up of PVC pipes. Each propeller setup consists of four blades. The raft boat set up is made up of two air-sealed 8 inch PVC pipes and the metal frame which carries the electronic circuit, battery and the solar panel in the rear side. The tank along with the solenoid valve is placed on the front side of the setup to add up the neutralizer or any chemicals and also to eliminate the hydrodynamic effect. The pH and turbidity sensor is placed at the front tip of the robot to measure the values at the different sample points. The complete circuit setup is shown in Fig 11.
Working and Output of the Project
The robot can be operated via IoT. Initially the ESP module is waiting for the input signal from the user via mobile phone. Each Node MCU holds an individual IP address for accessing the cloud storage. To access the kit via IoT module, the ESP module must be connected to the Wi-Fi of the user mobile phone. In order to activate, the user must browse the IP address of the ESP module in the mobile browser. Immediately there will includes a page which is named as buoyancy robot with an option of forward on, right on, left on, stop on, pump on. The pH and turbidity values are updated frequently at the top of the web page. The IP address of the ESP module used in this project is shown in the Fig 12.
In case, the user needs to add neutralizer or any chemicals to the water, the user must press the pump on button, which is also available in the webpage. Fig 15 shows the pH and turbidity value of the sample point which is measured by the robot. When the user presses the forward button in the webpage, both relay1 and relay 2 will turn on and drives the boat in forward direction. When the user presses the left or right button in webpage, either relay 1 or relay 2 will turn on and drives the motor either in left or right direction. The operation of motor based on the relay condition is shown in the Table II.
Table III shows the pH and turbidity values of five different
sample points of the water body which covers the area of around 100 square feet (approximately). The mean value of pH and the turbidity of the sample points are 7.35 and 7.80 respectively. According to India Water Portal, which is encouraged by the National Knowledge Commission the pH level of the lake will be in the range of 6.59 to 8.29 and according to IIT Kanpur the turbidity value of the drinking water must be in the range of 5 NTU to 10 NTU, which is shown in the appendix-2. The mean values of pH and turbidity are falling under the standard value. Therefore the main objective of this project is achieved, and the pH values measured by the sensor are verified by using the pH litmus paper.
Conclusion
From this project, we provide a solution for measuring the water quality parameters like pH and turbidity using buoyancy robot. By using this robot, we can measure the ph and turbidity values at different sample points, and the measured values are shared to the user instantly via IoT. The ultimate objective of this project is achieved by using pH and turbidity sensor, ESP 8266 module. This project successfully provides the measured data of different sample points instantly via IoT to the user.
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- [image: image1.png]Mr.P.Gowrishankar, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode. He received bachelor’s degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Kongu Engineering College affiliated to Anna University, Chennai and Master’s degree in Energy Engineering from
- Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore affiliated to Anna University. He is a certified energy auditor by Bureau of Energy Efficiency. His current research interest includes Biomass Energy and Energy Conservation. He has presented and published many papers in International and National Conferences and in reputed International Journals.
- B.Shriram, pursuing B.E in Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode. His area of interest is Control System.
- J.Sivamuruganandam, pursuing B.E in Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode. His area of interest is Power Electronics.
- S.Vasanth, pursuing B.E in Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode. His area of interest is Circuits and Networks.
- Revised Manuscript Received on July 22, 2019.
- P.Gowrishankar, Department of EEE, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode. E mail: � HYPERLINK ‘mailto:[email protected]’ �[email protected]�.
- B.Shriram, Department of EEE, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode. Email: [email protected].
- J.Sivamuruganandam, Department of EEE, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode. Email: � HYPERLINK ‘mailto:[email protected]’ �[email protected]�.
- S.Vasanth, Department of EEE, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode. Email: � HYPERLINK ‘mailto:[email protected]’ �[email protected]�.
