Project management as a core business competency is not excluded from these requirements. An initial analysis of sustainable project life cycle management methodologies’ current status highlighted that social and environmental aspects of sustainable development are not addressed effectively. An acceptable model aimed at addressing the various sustainable development aspects from a project management perspective is thus needed. This study’s main research objective was consequently to develop the different elements of such a model for Non- government Organizations (NGO).
The research focused to prepare a learning practice project management and prepare the readers to develop a project proposal in simple, logical and straight to the point. And taught the project management, the research for project cycle management (PCM) will be followed by below components and process of PCM. i. Report Writing: Report writing is an important part of the project management cycle as any project monitoring and evaluation contains reporting in forms of monitoring /progress report and evaluation reports. This section is divided into three subsections, section is on an introduction to report writing, pre-report writing procedures and paragraph development. The focus of the second section is on the structure of a complex report from title page to appendixes.
The third section is on report proofreading and a conclusion the session. What is report? A report is a structured written presentation to specific readers in response to a specific request regardless of the nature of a report he function of a report is to give and account of something to answer a question or to offer a solution to a problem. Pre- report knowledge Before writing a report, you should know the nature (Type) of the report, its purpose and intended audience/ their needs and expectations. The nature of a report A report can be of different nature intended for different purpose, accident report, case study, evaluation report, feasibility study, field trip, meeting report, progress report success story, and workshop report. The propos In determining the purpose of a report asks you the following questions:
- Why is the report needed?
- What are the real issues and how did they arise?
- What should be included?
- How should it be written?
- Who are to benefit from the report?
The audience: A report of any nature has its own specific audience, while writing your report you should think that, your readers are busy people and will want information to be presented to them clearly and concisely.
This suggests that you should present the information in a way that the readers will expect. To do this you should first identify your readers and why they might be reading your report, and then you can easily imagine how you address their needs and preference. In a simple term, you should try to think about your report from the perspective of your audience by asking yourself what would you like to see in the report in question if you were the audience. This would help you determine the level of detail you need to include in your report and how to organize information to meet your audience need and preference. Determining the audience helps writing a relevant, focused, and precise report. For this to take lace ask you the following questions and try to answer them correctly:
- Who is my audience? Who am I writing or/to?
- What do they need to know?
- What do they want to know?
- What are they hoping to get out of it?
- Are they looking for specific ideas or information?
- What do they already know?
- What decisions are likely to be made as a result of my report?
These are some of the basic questions that you can ask yourself before writing your report.
Surely not all projects evolved in this fashion would qualify. Some projects idea may be too fanciful for serious consideration. It is the stage when project ideas are screened and evaluate on the basis of certain criteria prior to their being put to additional tests of feasibility. Project proposal: A project proposal tells us the what, the why and the how of a solution to a problem. In other words, a project proposal indicates a potential problem and the solutions to it.
Therefore it is a proposal/ suggested solution to a problem it explains why the problem exists and why the solution stated is a good one, feasible, effective, and sustainable, it also gives a comprehensive account of the project problem, solution, plan, cost/ inputs, outputs, outcome/impact and project maintenance and sustainability. Project planning itself has a cycle of its own involving several sequential and iterative steps. A project planning and implementation may involve the following stages. Project identification/ PI needs assessment: A need – is a discrepancy or a difference (gap) between what there is or the current state regarding the group or situation in question and what there should be, or the desired state.
A need reflects the existence of a certain issue that requires an intervention, an issue that must be dealt with. A needs assessment attempts to identify such gaps, to analyses their nature and causes and to establish priorities for future actions Top- Down Process It is top down process because it emerges from the top, that is, the governmental or development agency machinery not the beneficiaries. It is essentially a process of systematic thinking about projects that can contribute in line with the directions spelled out in the framework, to the development of the local area. Bottom- up While thought a top – down approach project merge form the draft plan framework, the bottom-up approach relies on extensive detailed surveys and analyses of the resources, needs and problems of the concerned area. The main advantage of this approach is that it helps in location exactly where in the concerned area a specific need or problem exists.
