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Animal Feed Recommendations or how to save the Yorkshire

Updated August 25, 2022
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Animal Feed Recommendations or how to save the Yorkshire essay

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Waste cooking oil from the catering premises was used for animal feed in the past until October 2004. On 31 October 2004, the guideline about animal feed has been issued by the environmental agency and food standard agency.

The key point of the regulation was that the usage of waste cooking oil is harmful, and it must be banned for the animal’s safety. The rule is known as the animal by-products regulations EC 1774/2002 and it applied to all the member states of Europe including the UK in 2004 in some members of the state it has already been applied since May 2002 (Toop. G et al,2013). Before these regulations, the animal food manufacturing companies were collecting most of the waste cooking oil from the catering premises, but they have to stop this collection because this waste oil was not beneficial for them anymore. However, the biodiesel producer can use this oil as a raw material for the transport of fuel or use it in the oleochemical industry.

The UK government and environmental agencies support the collection of oil from these premises as it causes the reduction of landfill sites for disposal purposes as well as less usage of fossil fuels for energy generation (Toop. G et al 2013). However, the collectors always took the big catering premises into their consideration, but no one gave proper attention to household waste cooking oil and as a result, most of the household oil had been poured into drains and sewers without knowing this was a committing offense. Waste cooking oil is one of the key sources of causing drain and sewer problems. The waste cooking oil is the combination of grease, fats, and oil and when it is disposed of down the drains or kitchen sink then not only the blockage issue occurs in the drainage system but also this waste cooking oil causes an increased risk of the pollution for wildlife in the rivers, canals, and streams of the wastewater management system. The unique ”fats to fuel” recycling scheme had been started from the Karmand center Bradford with the support of Yorkshire water. The main aim of the scheme was to give awareness to the local people about their current drainage problems and issues with Yorkshire water.

The Karmann center team met the local people and told them how the pouring of waste cooking oil into the drains can cause problems not only for themselves and the community living around the area because of pipes blockages but also for Yorkshire water who has to spend millions of pounds every year to clear these blockages. The Karmann centre achieved great success in the scheme as is evident from the Yorkshire water report which indicates the 85 blockages problem in three years due to the fats and grease before but it reduces to one or two in a year after launching the scheme. However, after achieving this goal the Karmand center wants to use the collected waste oil for electricity and heating purposes for the center itself but before using this collected oil for this purpose it is very important to satisfy the Bradford council and environmental agency about the emissions of this oil which is not only one specific type of oil but is mixed and having all different possible categories of oil. This project report is about the investigation of emissions of the specific oil collected by the karma center. The University of Bradford has been given the project to continue the Karmand center scheme for the investigation of emissions of this collected oil.

The collected oil has been converted into biodiesel through a transesterification process and emissions have been analyzed and compared according to ASTM D6751 biodiesel standards. The properties of waste cooking oil, the biodiesel produced from the waste cooking oil, and conventional diesel have been analyzed briefly and it has been concluded that overall the biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil complies with the biodiesel ASTM standards and HC, CO, CO2, SO, SO2 and particulate matter emissions are relatively low compare to conventional diesel but NOX emissions are slightly higher. The comprehensive analysis and research indicate that the biodiesel produced from the waste cooking oil is a promising alternative fuel because of its low carbon emissions and almost free sulfur contents.

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Animal Feed Recommendations or how to save the Yorkshire. (2019, Feb 09). Retrieved from https://sunnypapers.com/waste-cooking-oil-from-the-catering-premises-was-used-for-the-animal-feed-in-the-past-until-october-2004/