3 SOFTWARE REVIEW 2.3.1 SOLIDWORKS 27 Solid Work is a software which is used for solid modeling computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided engineering (CAE). Through this software we can easily sketch 2D structure and by extruding feature we can get it 3D model very easily. From this software we can design separate parts according to our own dimensions and assemble those parts together easily. And also from this software we can designed mechanical system as well as we can simulate through this software. But in this research we have used different kind of software to simulate the solid work design. 2.3.2 BASIC CONCEPT OF SOLID WORK 28 From sketch option we can create different kind of shapes like rectangle, circle, lines, curves and etc.
And also from this we can insert smart dimensions, so that we could able to make a design according to our own dimensions. Mirror option also could be used through this sketch option. 29 Through the feature option we can convert 2D model to 3D model easily by using extrude option. And if we want to make a hole or cut in that 3D object we could use extrude cut option in this feature panel. If we want some smooth edges, some other features like fillet, shell and draft could be used. To create airfoil, curve feature has used in the designing stage.
30 We can flow simulate through the solid work Flow Simulation option but it is not much accurate as Open Foam and other simulation software. So throughout this experiment we didn’t use that option in solid work. 31 We can assembly parts through this software. We can sketch different parts of model in different pages and after completing the parts, it can be assembled together and complete with one solid 3D model. 32 We can use different kind of constraints while drawing the sketch such as horizontal, perpendicular, vertical, coincident and etc.
2.3.2 ANALYSIS OF OPEN FOAM 33 OpenFOAM is a structure for creating application executables that utilization bundled usefulness contained inside an accumulation of roughly 100 C+ libraries. OpenFOAM is dispatched with around 250 pre-incorporated applications that fall with two classifications: solvers, that are each intended to take care of a speci?c issue in ?uid (or continuum) mechanics; and utilities, that are intended to perform assignments that include information control. The solvers in OpenFOAM cover an extensive variety of issues in fluid dynamics. Some of them are compressible, multiphase, incompressible, heat transfer etc. The users in OpenFOAM can expand the accumulation of solvers, utilities and libraries in OpenFOAM, utilizing some pre-essential learning of the hidden strategy, physics and programming procedures included. The pre-processing and post-processing conditions are made associated with OpenFOAM.
The interface to the pre-and post-preparing are themselves OpenFOAM utilities, subsequently guaranteeing steady information dealing with over all conditions. The post handling is went with ParaView programming. 34 There are some limited numbers of CFD simulations done so far using dynamic mesh in openFOAM. These simulation projects are done with pimpleDyMFoam solver. For example: the simulation of the wind turbines and propellers. Therefore we have proceeded with our CFD project on Bell 412 main rotor with the very close studies of the simulations of wind turbine and propeller.
Most of the techniques and ideas are drawn from these existing simulations and modified appropriately for our CFD project. 2.4 APPLYING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC 35 Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) is one of the main tool to perform in Researches and the industrial applications. From this CFD analysis we can predict, how the system component are working, how the fluid flow behavior and it provides a qualitative and quantitative prediction of fluid flows by means of following methods, Numerical Method Software tools Mathematical Modeling So that we can implement our design and make necessary development in design. And it has been using in industry for many years. Some of basic applications are given bellow; Flow and heat transfer in industrial processes Aerodynamics of ground vehicles, aircraft, missiles.
Film coating, thermoforming in material processing applications. Flow and heat transfer in propulsion and power generation systems. Ventilation, heating, and cooling flows in buildings. Heat transfer for electronics packaging applications.
36 CFD is the latest branch of engineering In CFD it used numerical method and the algorithm method to solve and analyze the problem in fluid flows. This analysis have done through the basic governing equation in CFD which are in partial differential form. This equation will convert in to computer programs by using high level computer languages. Existing commercial CFD codes are capable of simulating a very wide variety of physical processes besides fluid flow.
This CFD describe the pressure, temperature, density and the velocity of the moving fluid, which given in the Naiver-stoke equations. In Naiver-Stock equation it contain energy equation, momentum equation and the continuity equation which are given bellow. Continuity Equation: ??/?t+ ?( ?u/?x+ ?v/?y+ ?w/?z )=0 (1) Momentum Equations; For X direction; ??u/?t+ (?(?uu))/?x+ (?(?uv))/?y+ (?(?uw))/?z= -?p/?x+ ?((?^2 u)/??x?^2 + (?^2 u)/??y?^2 + (?^2 u)/??z?^2 ) (2) For Y direction; ??u/?t+ (?(?uu))/?x+ (?(?uv))/?y+ (?(?uw))/?z= -?p/?y+ ?((?^2 v)/??x?^2 + (?^2 v)/??y?^2 + (?^2 v)/??z?^2 ) (3) For z direction; ??u/?t+ (?(?uu))/?x+ (?(?uv))/?y+ (?(?uw))/?z= -?p/?z+ ?((?^2 w)/??x?^2 + (?^2 w)/??y?^2 + (?^2 w)/??z?^2 ) (4) Energy Equation; ??E/?t+ (?(?uE))/?x+ (?(?vE))/?y+ (?(?wE))/?z= -?pu/?x-?pv/?y- ?pw/?z+S (5) Where, x, y and z – three different directions component ? – Density of air u, v and w – Velocity component in different direction. 37 From this CFD analysis, it can have great control over the physical process and provides the ability to isolate specific phenomena for study.
And from experiment we could only have data in limited number of locations in the system but through the CFD simulation it can analysis data in large number of locations and give comprehensive set of flow parameters for examination. Experimental process may get much expensive compare to the CFD process and the cost of CFD process may get reduce when the computers get more powerful. The simulation could be executed in short period of time as well as we could simulate in real conditions. This are the main advantage of computational fluid dynamic.
38 When we discuss about the limitation of CFD, the CFD solutions relay in physical model of real world processes such as compressibility, chemistry, turbulence and many more. Through the CFD it can get much accurate data as the physical model on which they are based on. When the computer solve the equation it invariably introduce numerical errors which include round-off errors and due to the approximation in numerical mode it will give truncation errors. The accuracy of the solution mainly depend on the initial boundary conditions given in to the numerical mode. 39 In CFD it divided in to three main processing which are pre-processing, solving and post-processing.
In pre-processing, it need to be created Mesh for the solid work model. For that software like Open Foam and Gambit could be used according to our own boundary conditions.
